Sanskrit Lesson
Svara Sandhi (Letter Combination)
How sounds join together in Sanskrit
Svara Sandhi (Letter Combination)
How sounds join together in Sanskrit
दीर्घ संधि (DIrgha Sandhi – Long Vowel Sandhi)
SUtra: अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः (akaH savarNe dIrghaH)When two similar vowels of the same class, such as a–A, i–I, or u–U, meet, they combine into a single long vowel. This is called dIrgha sandhi.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine धर्म and अर्थ, then apply अ + अ = आ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine कुश and आसन, then apply अ + आ = आ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine कदा and अपि, then apply आ + अ = आ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine महा and आत्मा, then apply आ + आ = आ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and इव, then apply इ + इ = ई.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine कपि and ईश, then apply इ + ई = ई.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine नदी and इंद्र, then apply ई + इ = ई.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine गौरी and ईश, then apply ई + ई = ई.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine सु and उक्ति, then apply उ + उ = ऊ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine सिंधु and ऊर्मि, then apply उ + ऊ = ऊ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine भू and उत्सर्ग, then apply ऊ + उ = ऊ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine भू and उर्जा, then apply ऊ + ऊ = ऊ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine मातृ and ऋण, then apply ऋ + ऋ = ऋ.
गुण संधि (GuNa Sandhi)
SUtra: आद्गुणः (AdguNaH)When a or A meets i, I, u, U, or R, the result is the corresponding guNa vowel: e, o, or ar. This is called guNa sandhi.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine उप and इंद्र, then apply अ + इ = ए.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine कमल and ईश, then apply अ + ई = ए.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine महा and इंद्र, then apply आ + इ = ए.
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Letter Breakdown
Combine उमा and ईश, then apply आ + ई = ए.
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Letter Breakdown
Combine चंद्र and उदय, then apply अ + उ = ओ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine जल and ऊर्मि, then apply अ + ऊ = ओ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine गंगा and उदक, then apply आ + उ = ओ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine गंगा and ऊर्मि, then apply आ + ऊ = ओ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine देव and ऋषि, then apply अ + ऋ = अर्.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine महा and ऋषि, then apply आ + ऋ = अर्.
वृद्धि संधि (VRddhi Sandhi)
SUtra: वृद्धिरेचि (vRddhireci)When a or A meets e, ai, o, or au, the resulting vowel becomes ai or au. This is called vRddhi sandhi.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine एक and एक, then apply अ + ए = ऐ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine नव and ऐश्वर्य, then apply अ + ऐ = ऐ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine तथा and एव, then apply आ + ए = ऐ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine जल and ओघ, then apply अ + ओ = औ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine देव and औदार्य, then apply अ + औ = औ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine महा and ओज, then apply आ + ओ = औ.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine महा and औषधि, then apply आ + औ = औ.
यण संधि (YaN Sandhi)
SUtra: एको यणचि (eko yaNaci)When the vowels i, I, u, U, or R are followed by a different vowel, the corresponding semivowels य्, व्, or र् appear. This is called yaN sandhi.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and अधिक, then apply इ + अ = य.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine नदी and अम्बु, then apply ई + अ = य.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and आचार, then apply इ + आ = या.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine सखी and आगमन, then apply ई + आ = या.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and उत्तम, then apply इ + उ = यु.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and ऊष्ण, then apply इ + ऊ = यू.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine स्त्री and उपयोगी, then apply ई + उ = यु.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine नदी and ऊर्मि, then apply ई + ऊ = यू.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine प्रति and एक, then apply इ + ए = ये.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and ऐश्वर्य, then apply इ + ऐ = यै.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine सखी and ऐक्य, then apply ई + ऐ = यै.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and ओज, then apply इ + ओ = यो.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अति and औदार्य, then apply इ + औ = यौ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine वाणी and औचित्य, then apply ई + औ = यौ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अनु and अय, then apply उ + अ = व.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine सु and आगत, then apply उ + आ = वा.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अनु and इति, then apply उ + इ = वि.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अनु and ईषण, then apply उ + ई = वी.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अनु and एषण, then apply उ + ए = वे.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine अल्प and ऐश्वर्य, then apply उ + ऐ = वै.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine गुरु and ओदन, then apply उ + ओ = वो.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine गुरु and औदार्य, then apply उ + औ = वौ.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine वधू and आगम, then apply ऊ + आ = वा.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine वधू and ऐश्वर्य, then apply ऊ + ऐ = वै.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine पितृ and अनुमति, then apply ऋ + अ = र.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine पितृ and आदेश, then apply ऋ + आ = रा.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine पितृ and इच्छा, then apply ऋ + इ = रि.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine मातृ and उपदेश, then apply ऋ + उ = रु.
अयादि संधि (AyAdi Sandhi)
SUtra: एचोऽयवायावः (echo’yavAyAvaH)When e, ai, o, or au is followed by another vowel, the combinations change into ay, Ay, av, or Av/Avi forms respectively. This is called ayAdi sandhi.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine शे and अन, then apply ए + अ = अय.
Primary Rule
Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine गै and अक, then apply ऐ + अ = आय.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine भो and अन, then apply ओ + अ = अव.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine श्रौ and अन, then apply औ + अ = आव.
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Word Process
Letter Breakdown
Combine नौ and इक, then apply औ + इ = आवि.
